Te Āhua o te Īnanga

Nā Rā Pōmare i tuhi

Nā Hēni Jacob i whakamāori

Ā, kia pakari haere ngā uri i te ngarungaru o te tai, ka hoki mai ki ngā awa, ki ngā kōawa o uta.

E kī ana te kōrero ko Rehua te atua o te īnanga. Ko tana kupu ki ēnei o ana tamariki, kia kite rātou i tētahi momo pākurakura i te rangi, koirā te tohu me hoki haere rātou ki te moana, ki a Wainui, ki reira whakaputa uri ai.

He nui ngā nekeneke i te taiao i te kōanga. Ka rewa haere te hukarere, ka roa haere ngā rā, ā, ka kori ake te hunga mahi ika. Koinei anō te wā o te tau e piki ai ngā poto a te īnanga me ōna uri tata i ngā awa, i ngā kōawa, ki ō rātou kāinga wai māori.

Kōkupu Nui

Anei ētahi tino āhuatanga o ngā ika o te whānau Galaxiidae:

• He unahi kore – he maheni, he hāwaniwani te kiri.

• Kotahi anake te urutira, ā, e tata ana ki te hiku.

• Ko ngā momo Galaxias e rima kua huaina i runga ake nei, ka heke atu i te wai māori ki te waitai ki te whakaputa uri.

Te Īnanga

Kua riro ko te īnanga hei ingoa whānui mō ngā poto (arā, ngā punua) o ētahi momo ika e rima ka haoa i ngā awa me ngā kōawa o Aotearoa i te kōanga. Nō te whānau Galaxiidae te katoa, ā, koia ēnei, ko te īnanga tūturu nei (a Galaxias maculatus), ko te kōaro (a Galaxias brevipinnis), me ētahi momo kōkopu e toru. I te reo Pākehā, kua tapaina tētahi o ēnei kōkopu ko te kōkopu kauae-poto (Galaxias postvectis), ko tētahi atu ko te kōkopu whai tāhei (Galaxias fasciatus), ā, ko te tuatoru, ko te kōkopu nui (Galaxias argenteus).

Kōaro

Īnanga

Kōkupu Whai Tāhei

Kōkupu Kauae-poto

Te Kōaro
(a Galaxias brevipinnis)

Ko tētahi tino āhuatanga o te kōaro, ko tōna kaha ki te kake hīrere; he whānui ōna pakipaki, ā, he kaha a raro ki te piri atu ki te toka, ki te aha atu. He haere takitahi te kōaro, kāore e haere ā-kāhui. E 400km pea te tawhiti o tana toro ki te tuawhenua, ā, ka tae pea ki te 1,300m i runga ake i te mata o te moana. Kitea nuitia ai i ngā kōawa tokatoka, tāhekeheke e kōpikopiko haere ana i te ngahere.

Ko tōna tinana, he rite ki te pū – he roa, he whāiti anō. He parauri, he koura ngā tae matua, he kōpurepure te tauira, ā, me te mea nei e taukapokapo ana ngā wāhi koura i ngā hihi o te rā. Ka 15 pea ōna tau ki te ao, ā, ka tupu kia 160–180mm te roa.

Kitea ai he kōaro i Te Ika-a-Māui, i Te Waka-a-Māui, i Rakiura, i Rēkohu, tae atu ki Motu Maha me Motu Ihupuku i ngā moana ki te tonga o Aotearoa.

Ahakoa e mau ana he kōaro i te hunga hao īnanga, ā, he whakawhiti te kōaro i waenga i te wai māori me te waitai, kua kitea ētahi e whakaputa uri ana i ngā parenga tonu o ngā kōawa i noho ai rātou.

Kāore i pīataata te tinana o te kōkopu kauae-poto. He parauri te tae, he kōpurepure, he tāhei anō pea ka āhua kitea atu i te kiri. He wāhi āhua pāpango kei muri tonu o ngā pihapiha.

Kei Te Ika-a-Māui, kei Te Waka-a-Māui, engari kāore e kitea i ngā moutere o waho, i whenua kē rānei o te ao.

Te Kōkopu Kauae-poto
(a Galaxias postvectis)

Me uaua ka kitea te kōkopu kauae-poto – e whakapaetia ana koinei te mea tino onge o ēnei ika e rima. Ko tōna kāinga noho, ko ngā kōawa toka nui e karapotia ana e te ngahere māori. Arā pea tētahi take i onge ai, ko te iti haere tonu o te ngahere. Kei ngā whenua hakahaka me ngā whenua āhua hakahaka – kāore e tae ki ngā whenua teitei.

Ko te ingoa Pākehā (arā, te kauae-poto) e tohu ana i te poto o te kauae o raro. I pēnei ai te hanga, kia pai ai tana waruwaru haere i ngā ngārara noho wai me ngā ngata e piri ana ki ngā toka. Ka tupu te nuinga kia 150–200mm te roa, engari i inea tētahi e 370mm rawa te roa.

Te Kōkopu Whai Tāhei
(a Galaxias fasciatus)

Ka kīia ēnei e ētahi he taraute Māori, he taraute māori rānei. He tāhei tea kei ōna kaokao, he āhua koura te tae.

Noho ai tēnei o ngā kōkopu ki ngā hōpua e tauwhare ana ngā parenga, he kōhiwi rākau, he toka rānei kei te wai, ā, ko te painga atu mehemea he tini rākau anō e tauwhare mai ana i runga ake. He pai tā rātou noho ki ngā ngahere māori me ngā ngahere rāwaho, tae atu ki ngā kōawa i te tāone, mehemea rā he rākau e tauwhare mai ana hei whakaruruhau.

Kai ai te kōkopu whai tāhei i ngā hanga tuarā-kore noho wai, pērā i te ngārara, i te ngata, i te noke, me te kōura. He wā anō kua kai i ngā hanga ora o uta, pērā i te pūngāwerewere me ngā ngārara noho whenua, ki te tūpono taka atu ēnei ki te wai. He hanga motuhake kei te upoko e āta rongo ai ia i te ngārara e taka ana mai i ngā rākau o runga ake ki te mata o te wai.

He kaha te kōkopu whai tāhei ki te kake haere i te wai, ā, kua kitea ētahi i ngā hōpua e 550m te teitei ake i te mata o te moana. Ka tupu te nuinga kia āhua 200mm te roa, engari i inea tētahi e 260mm tōna roa.

He huna te kōkopu nei ki ngā parenga o ngā awa, ka kōkiri atu ki te hopu kai māna ina whakatata atu he mea e pai ana ki a ia. Ko te kōura tana kai matua, engari kua kai anō i ētahi ngārara noho whenua, pērā i te pūngāwerewere me te kihikihi. Ko te taraute Māori anō tētahi o ngā ingoa Pākehā mō tēnei o ngā kōkopu.

Te Kōkopu Nui
(a Galaxias argenteus)

Koia tēnei ko te mea rahi katoa o te whānau Galaxiid puta noa i te ao. Ko te nuinga, kei te 300–400mm te roa.

Ko te kōkopu nui nei te mea tuatahi o te whānau Galaxiid i āta kitea i te ao Pākehā, ā, i tapaina he Galaxiid i te mea he āhua rite te tauira i tōna tinana ki te tini whetū i te rangi. He mōhiti koura, he pewa, he tongi, he rārangi anō ētahi o ngā whakanakonako i tōna kiri.

Kāore tēnei o ngā kōkopu e kaha ki te piki, nō reira ko te nuinga ka noho ki ngā kūkūwai, ki ngā roto, me
ngā kōawa ngahere kāore i tawhiti i te moana. He āta tupu haere, ā, ka 20 pea ōna tau ki tēnei ao.

O ngā momo ika māori noho ki te wai māori, ko te īnanga nei te mea e tino whānui ana te hora. Kei ngā wāhi katoa o Aotearoa, kei Amerika ki te Tonga, ā, kei Ahitereiria anō hoki.

He pai anō te īnanga hei mōkai – e taea ana te whakaako ki te timotimo kai mai i te ringa tonu. He pai te whakatipu ki te hōpua wai ika i rō whare, ki te hōpua rānei i waho, hei aha te ‘ika-koura’!

Īnanga
(a Galaxias maculatus)

Ko te hanga kātua o te īnanga, he iti ake i te hanga kātua o ērā atu Galaxiid, inā rā, ka āhua 100mm noa iho te roa. He hiriwa te taha raro, he tokomanga te hiku – e rua, e rua, he tohu e māmā ai te tautohu i a ia.

Noho ai te īnanga ki ngā wāhi mārakerake i ngā awa, ngā kōawa, ngā roto me ngā repo. He ika ngoikore ki te piki haere ki ngā hikuawa, me te aha, kitea nuitia ai i ngā whenua e tata ana ki te takutai. Ko tētahi mea ahurei o tēnei uri o te whānau Galaxiid, tērā tonu te kitea ai e tere haere ana ā-kāhui i ngā wai tūraha.

Ka noho tonu ngā hua ki ngā otaota haukū, me te noho tuwhera tonu ki te hau takiwā, mō ētahi wiki nei. Kia tae mai anō tētahi tai nunui ki a rātou, ka whānau mai ngā kōhungahunga, ā, waiho ake ana mā te tai timu rātou e kawe atu ki te moana uriuri.

Ka pau te takurua ki te moana, ko ngā hanga iti o te whānau kōura tā rātou kai. Ka tae ki te kōanga, ka hoki haere mai ki uta, ka piki haere i ngā awa,
i ngā kōawa ki te kimi kāinga noho pai mō rātou. Kei te punua tonu, ā, koinei te āhua ina mau hei kai mā te tangata. Ko ngā mea ka ora tonu, ka kātua, ā, hei te ngahuru o te tau whai i muri iho, ka heke haere mai ki te takutai, ā, ka whāia anō te huringa whakaputa uri.

Te Whakaputa Uri

Katoa ngā momo Galaxiidae kei Aotearoa nei, he whakawhiti i waenga i te wai māori me te wai tai. Ka heke mai i ō rātou kāinga wai māori i te tuawhenua ki ngā wahapū me ngā kūkūwai, ki reira tuku ai i ngā hua. Ko te īnanga (Galaxias maculatus) te mea ka tino kaha te mau o āna poto i ngā wai o Aotearoa, ā, nō konei i nui ake ai te mōhio ki te āhua o tāna whakaputa uri ki te ao, tēnā i tā ētahi atu o ngā momo ika e rima.

I ngā tai nunui o te ngahuru me te tīmatanga o te takurua, ka tukua e te uwha āna hua ki roto i ngā otaota e tipu ana i ngā parenga o te wahapū, arā, ki te wāhi teitei i mitimitia ai e taua tai nunui. Kātahi ka tukua e te toa tana huatea ki taua wāhi tonu rā, e whakatōngia ai aua hua. Tērā e kitea te wai kua teatea haere – i pērā te āhua nā te nui o te huatea i tukuna e ngā toa.

Ngā Mea e Tāmi ana i
ngā Ika Nei

I te oroko taenga mai o te Pākehā, inā kē te huhua o te īnanga – he rahi noa atu i tērā i hiahiatia e ngā tāngata hei kai mā rātou. Me te aha, rukea atu ana e ētahi ki te māra, hei whakamōmona noa i te oneone. Kī ana ngā awa i te īnanga, me te kī anō o ngā kāta o ngā tāngata i te hia rau kirokaramu o ngā ika nei i ia tau.

Ko Te Papa Atawhai kei te tiaki i te puna ika nei, ā, e ai ki ā rātou inenga, kua heke te rahi e mau ana i ngā kupenga o ngā ringa hao. Ka mutu, e ai ki ngā rangahau, kei te rite tonu te mimiti haere o te puna.

Engari ehara ko ngā mahi hao te take nui i raru ai. Arā kē te mate nui, ko te rerekē haere o te taiao.

Ko ngā tipu rāwaho tēnā, ko ngā ika rāwaho, ko ngā mea kua hangaia e te tangata pērā i te pāpuni me te karawata, koia nei ngā tino mea e pāhekeheke nei te īnanga i ngā rerenga wai māori o Aotearoa.

Ko tā ngā karawata me ngā pāpuni, he whakauaua i te piki haere a ngā ika nei ki ō rātou kāinga māori i te tuawhenua.

Me kōrero anō ngā mahi ahuwhenua e pātata ana ki ngā kōawa. Ka paruparu ngā wai i ngā hamuti o ngā kararehe, ā, ka pā ōna kino ki ngā hekenga me te mahi whakaputa uri, tae atu ki ngā kāinga noho o ngā ika nei, me ā rātou kai.

Ko te whakawāteatanga o te whenua hei whakatū pāmu, ngahere, tāone, aha atu, koia anō e patupatu ana i te puna ika, i te mea he pai ake ki te nuinga ngā kōawa me ngā awa he rākau kei runga ake e taumarumaru mai ana.

Te Penapena i te Puna Ika Nei

Ki te mimiti haere tonu te puna, tērā pea ka whakatūria e Te Papa Atawhai he pūnaha hei here i te nui o te ika e whakaaetia ana kia mau. He pai ngā pūnaha pēnei hei tiaki i ētahi momo ika, momo mātaitai. Ka whakahaua te rahi o mea momo, o mea momo e whakaaetia kia mau i ia tau.

Engari mō tēnei wā nei, kei te akiaki noa ngā rōpū pērā i a Niwa me Te Papa Atawhai i te iwi whānui kia manaaki i ō rātou taiao tata, ā, kia whakaora haere i ngā kāinga noho e ora ai ngā punua ika ā tae noa ki te kātuatanga. Anei ētahi o ngā mahi e mea ana rātou ka whaihua tonu:

• Taiapatia te kōawa e tata ana ki a koe, ka whakatō ai i ngā tipu e rite ana. Mā te whakatū taiapa, kua kore ngā tipu me ngā parenga e takatakahia e te kararehe (me te tangata), kua toiora ngā wāhi marumaru e huna ai ngā ika, me te wāhi tuku hua, kua kore i takatakahia, i kotēhia ngā hua.

• Whakamōhiotia atu te tari o Te Papa Atawhai i tō rohe, tō kaunihera ā-rohe rānei, mehemea he karawata, he pāpuni, he kēti-waipuke rānei e tauwhare ana. Ka taea ēnei te whakatika, e pai ai te piki atu a ngā poto ki ngā kāinga noho e tika ana mō te kātuatanga. Mā konei e nui ake ai ngā ika e eke ana ki te kātuatanga, e āhei ai tā rātou whakaputa uri ki te ao.

• Me mahi kia noho wātea ngā kōawa i ngā tipu kino, i ngā ika kino. Ka whakataetae ngā ika rāwaho pērā i te taraute mō ngā kāinga noho pai, ā, ka kainga anō e rātou ngā ika māori. Ka matomato ngā tipu rāwaho, e rāoa ai ngā kāinga noho o ngā ika nei.

• Ina haere koe ki te hao, kaua e ngākau hao – tangohia ko te rahi noa iho e mātua hiahiatia ana. Ko te maha atu o ngā Galaxiid ka eke ki te kātuatanga, ko te nui atu o ngā poto ka puta ki te ao mārama.

Ngā Mihi

Ngā mihi mahana ki a rātou mā kua tautoko mai: ki a David Cooper me Mahurangi Technical Institute mō ngā whakaahua maha o ngā momo ika wai māori; ki a Susan Pepperell rāua ko Dave Allen me Te Taihoro Nukurangi mō ētahi whakaahua.

Kaiwhakamāori: Hēni Jacob.
Kaihoahoa: Spencer Levine.

I whakaputaina tēnei pukapuka i te tau 2013
mō te Tāhuhu o te Mātauranga e HANA Limited,
Pouaka Poutāpeta 12 594, Thorndon,
Te Whanganui-a-Tara 6144, Aotearoa.

Ngā kōrero © Rā Pōmare.

Nā Hana Pōmare © ngā whakaahua kei ngā whārangi 1, 4 (kei raro), 5 (kei raro), 6 (kei raro), 7 (kei raro), 11, 12; nā Ellie May Logan © ngā whakaahua kei ngā whārangi 2, 3, 9; nā Mahurangi Technical Institute © ngā whakaahua kei ngā whārangi 7 (kei runga), 8 (kei runga), 10 (taha matau), 13; nā Stephen Moore © ngā whakaahua kei ngā whārangi 4 (kei runga), 5 (kei runga), 6 (kei runga), 8 (kei raro), 10 (taha mauī), 14.

Tēnei pukapuka © Te Karauna.

Kia pūmau te mana. Ngā tono katoa ki te kaiwhakaputa i te pukapuka.

Nama take 710877.
ISBN 1-877422-67-3.

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